形成性评价在本科临床教学阶段的应用和探索

在本科临床教学阶段，应用随堂测试与反馈、网络自测与反馈、DOPS 评价、Mini-CEX 等多元形成性评价方式，促进了学生考核体系的进一步完善。通过组织教师与学生座谈和调查问卷的反馈显示，应用形成性评价符合学生的需求，有利于教师教学水平的提高，有利于学生学习能力的提升。     

Endostar,an Antiangiogenesis Inhibitor,Combined With Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer

This phase II randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the efficacy and toxicity of Endostar, an antiangiogenesis inhibitor, combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). Patients with LACC were randomly assigned to either CCRT plus Endostar (CCRT+E arm) or CCRT alone (CCRT arm). All patients received pelvic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and brachytherapy. Weekly cisplatin was administered concurrently with IMRT. Patients in the CCRT+E arm also received concurrent Endostar every 3 weeks for two cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) and acute toxicities. The exploratory endpoint was the impact of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) expression on long-term survival. A total of 116 patients were enrolled. Patients in the CCRT+E arm and in the CCRT arm had similar acute and late toxicity profile. The 1- and 2-year PFS were 91.4% versus 82.1% and 80.8% versus 63.5% (p=0.091), respectively. The 1- and 2-year distance metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were 92.7% versus 81.1% and 86.0% versus 65.1% (p=0.031), respectively. Patients with positive VEGFR2 expression had significant longer PFS and overall survival (OS) compared with those with negative VEGFR2 expression. Patients in the CCRT+E arm had significantly longer PFS, OS, and DMFS than those in the CCRT arm when VEGFR2 expression was positive. In conclusion, CCRT plus Endostar significantly improved DMFS but not PFS over CCRT alone. The addition of Endostar could significantly improve survival for patients with positive VEGFR2 expression.     

完全腹腔镜下与开腹胰十二指肠切除术治疗壶腹周围肿瘤近期疗效比较

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下胰十二指肠切除术(TLPD)与开腹胰十二指肠切除术(OPD)治疗壶腹周围肿瘤的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析山西医科大学第一医院2016年6月至2019年3月收治的50例壶腹周围肿瘤患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为TLPD组(22例)及OPD组(28例),比较两组患者围术期及术后各项指标情况。结果两组患者均顺利完成手术,TLPD组手术时间[(665±213)min]长于OPD组[(447±215)min],差异有统计学意义(t=-0.356,P=0.001);TLPD组术中出血量[100 ml(50~325 ml)]少于OPD组[300 ml(100~500 ml)],差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.230,P=0.026)。TLPD组与OPD组术中输血者比例、淋巴结清扫数量、切除肿瘤长径、术后禁饮食时间、术后拔管时间、术后住院时间及术后并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论TLPD与OPD治疗壶腹周围肿瘤临床近期疗效相近,TLPD手术时间较OPD长,但可有效控制术中出血量。     

PDCA循环在缩短肺功能患者等候时间中的作用

目的：探讨PDCA在缩短肺功能患者等候时间中的作用。方法：通过调取2018年3月19~4月19日肺功能工作量与2017年同期对比，查找患者等候时间长的原因。结果：通过完善绩效考核体系、设定基础工作量、加强科室内部协调等措施，有效缩短了患者等候时间，提高了工作效率。结论：通过PDCA循环，不仅缩短了患者等候时间和呼吸科平均住院日，还提高了患者满意度，使科室内部合作更加协调与紧密。     

观察疏肝健脾法治疗月经不调的临床治疗效果及相应的护理观察

目的:探讨疏肝健脾法治疗月经不调的临床治疗效果,并总结相应护理方法。方法:选取自2017年9月-2018年9月在日照市中医医院接受诊疗的136例肝郁脾虚型月经不调患者随机分为对照组和研究组,对照组行逍遥丸治疗,并给予常规护理;研究组行逍遥散、参苓白术散治疗,并给予针对性护理,比较两组患者的治疗效果与护理满意度。结果:研究组治疗总有效率为91.18%(62/68),明显高于对照组的66.18%(45/68)(P<0.05);研究组患者护理满意率为94.12%(64/68),明显高于对照组的76.47%(52/68)(P<0.05)。结论:针对肝郁脾虚型月经不调患者,采取疏肝健脾法进行治疗具确切临床疗效,辅以针对性护理,还能提高患者护理满意度,值得推广应用。     

民族医药在肝癌防治中的应用

通过概述土家医、壮医、苗医、蒙医、藏医、侗医、畲医、维吾尔医、傣医等民族医的特色理论和诊疗技法,阐释民族医药在防治肝癌中的应用情况。我国部分少数民族在防治肝癌方面有丰富的用药经验和外治方法,主要通过驱毒、扶正等方法指导肝癌防治,在未病先防、既病防变、改善相关症状等方面发挥着一定的优势。     

Mutation status and burden can improve prognostic prediction of patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes

Patients with lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (LR‐MDS) as defined by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) have more favorable prognosis in general, but significant inter‐individual heterogeneity exists. In this study, we examined the molecular profile of 15 MDS‐relevant genes in 159 patients with LR‐MDS using next‐generation sequencing. In univariate COX regression, shorter overall survival (OS) was associated with mutation status of ASXL1 (P = .001), RUNX1 (P = .031), EZH2 (P = .049), TP53 (P = .016), SRSF2 (P = .046), JAK2 (P = .040), and IDH2 (P = .035). We also found significantly shorter OS in patients with an adjusted TET2 variant allele frequency (VAF) ≥18% versus those with either an adjusted TET2 VAF <18% or without TET2 mutations (median: 20.4 vs 47.8 months; P = .020; HR = 2.183, 95%CI: 1.129‐4.224). After adjustment for IPSS, shorter OS was associated with mutation status of ASXL1 (P < .001; HR = 4.306, 95% CI: 2.144‐8.650), TP53 (P = .004; HR = 4.863, 95% CI: 1.662‐14.230) and JAK2 (P = .002; HR = 5.466, 95%CI: 1.848‐16.169), as well as adjusted TET2 VAF ≥18% (P = .008; HR = 2.492, 95% CI: 1.273‐4.876). Also, OS was increasingly shorter as the number of mutational factors increased (P < .001). A novel prognostic scoring system incorporating the presence/absence of the four independent mutational factors into the IPSS further stratified LR‐MDS patients into three prognostically different groups (P < .001). The newly developed scoring system redefined 10.1% (16/159) of patients as a higher‐risk group, who could not be predicted by the currently prognostic models. In conclusion, integration of the IPSS with mutation status/burden of certain MDS‐relevant genes may improve the prognostication of patients with LR‐MDS and could help identify those with worse‐than‐expected prognosis for more aggressive treatment.     

盐酸氨溴索联合排痰仪与大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜对老年重症肺炎疗效的Meta分析

目的比较正常剂量盐酸氨溴索联合排痰仪与大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜在治疗老年重症肺炎中的临床疗效。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Web of Science、CNKI、万方数据库、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献服务系统,搜索国内外公开发表的有关盐酸氨溴索联合排痰仪与大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜治疗老年重症肺炎的相关文章,检索时限从建库起到2019年5月。分别由两名作者根据文献纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选以及数据提取,使用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果经筛选后共有27篇文献最终被纳入分析。Meta分析结果表明,大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜治疗能减少患者ICU住院时间(MD=-1.84,95%CI:-2.21～-1.48)、呼吸机使用时间(MD=-3.93,95%CI:-4.17～-3.69)、治疗期间死亡率(O^R=0.42,95%CI:0.33～0.53)、急性生理学与慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分(MD=-0.67,95%CI:-1.05～-0.29)、多器官功能衰竭(MOF)发生率(O^R=0.41,95%CI:0.32～0.53)、C反应蛋白(CRP)浓度(MD=-10.35,95%CI:-11.29～-9.41)以及血清降钙素原(PCT)浓度(MD=-0.37,95%CI:-0.40～-0.33),增加患者动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)(MD=4.85,95%CI:3.83～5.86)、经皮动脉血氧饱和度(SpO_2)(MD=6.47,95%CI:5.65～7.29)和氧合指数(OI)(PaO_2/FiO_2)(MD=31.88,95%CI:29.21～34.54)。结论大剂量使用盐酸氨溴索联合支气管镜治疗老年重症肺炎是安全可行的,且与常规治疗方法相比,在所测指标中均具有一定的优势,有望成为治疗老年重症肺炎的优先选择。